Thermal Variations and the Viability of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Cultivation in Aquaculture Production Units in Zacatecas, Mexico

Abstract

Objective: To analyze variations in ambient and water temperature in order to evaluate their impact on the viability of tilapia farming in Zacatecas. Methodology: Variations in maximum and minimum ambient temperatures recorded at 14 meteorological stations located near Aquaculture Production Units (APUs) in the state of Zacatecas were analyzed. Historical records were systematically processed, and simple linear regression analysis was applied. In addition, water temperature was evaluated at five APUs dedicated to tilapia production using HOBO Onset data loggers, which recorded hourly temperature values. Results: Statistically significant increases (p < 0.05) in maximum temperature were identified at ten meteorological stations. In contrast, minimum temperature exhibited increases at three stations and decreases at two. With respect to water temperature, findings indicate that, overall, current thermal conditions are not optimal for sustainable production. This underscores the need to implement complementary technologies, such as greenhouse systems, to effectively mitigate the adverse effects of low temperatures. Limitations: This study presents no major limitations. Conclusions: The analysis of extreme ambient and water temperatures revealed a clear relationship between these variables. It was determined that Tabasco is the only Aquaculture Production Unit (APU) in which temperatures fall within the optimal range for productive development during the warm season (April -October), without requiring the implementation of additional technological support.