Anatomical Characterization of Ear and Kernel in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Resumen

Objective: To evaluate the physical quality of ears and kernels of hybrids and varieties cultivated in the municipality of San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero, Mexico. Methodology: Six white-kernel hybrids, two yellow-kernel hybrids, and two blue and white landraces were used. The maize was grown during the Spring–Summer 2020 growing cycle under rainfed conditions. Physical traits of the ear and kernel anatomy were evaluated. Results: VS-Tuxpeño and Azul exhibited the greatest ear length among the evaluated varieties (18.70 and 18.56 cm, respectively), whereas H-565 showed the highest ear weight (204.40 g). H-515 and H-Tuxpeño presented a width-to-length index (WLI) of 0.81, corresponding to a round kernel type, whereas H-565 exhibited a more elongated kernel shape (0.65). All genotypes, except Ocotito, showed an endosperm proportion greater than 70%. Limitations of the study: Given the edaphoclimatic conditions of the municipality of San Luis Acatlán and the increasingly pronounced effects of global climate change, adaptive strategies for this type of crop should be further investigated. Conclusions: Hybrids H-565 and VS-Tuxpeño exhibited superior performance in most ear and kernel components, which makes them suitable for commercial production, whereas the Azul variety showed comparable performance with the additional advantage of natural pigmentation. H-562 and Ocotito presented higher proportions of endosperm and germ, respectively, underscoring their potential for the masa and tortilla industry. Overall, the results reveal significant differences among genotypes and support their selection according to the intended grain use in San Luis Acatlán, Guerrero.