Prioritization of areas degraded by forest fires for rehabilitation

Abstract

Objective: To examine the severity of fire in impacted areas, using spectral analysis and geographic information systems, to identify priority areas for restoration and strengthen sustainable natural resource management.

Design/methodology/approach: Field and remote sensing data from areas affected by forest fires were used to determine and classify the severity of the phenomenon using the dNBR spectral index, allowing priority areas (greatest severity) to be located and measured. Analysis of topographical factors influencing fire regimes was added to establish management and prevention strategies.

Results: The months of November-April account for the highest number of events, with 90% being surface fires, the main trigger being anthropogenic action. The most severe sites (to be rehabilitated) correspond to pine and fir forest ecosystems, with slopes of 31° (difficult access-greater fire spread), a southeast orientation of 135° (high insolation), and a transition from wooded areas to high mountain grasslands.

Limitations on study/implications: The availability of open-access data, remote sensors, and spectral analysis is a strategic resource; however, they may have technical limitations that affect accuracy. Consequently, future lines of research are proposed to evaluate the dynamics of ecological recovery in order to strengthen methodological robustness.

Findings/conclusions: Anthropogenic pressure and climate change intensify the degree of impact, compromising ecosystem functions. Therefore, differentiated rehabilitation measures are required, backed by policy instruments that strengthen territorial governance oriented toward environmental security and productive sustainability.