MALE GOAT REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW

Abstract

Objective: Describe the factors affecting male goat (ram) reproduction and the selection and management strategies to improve their reproductive efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach: By reviewing published information, the description of the main factors that affect the reproductive capacity of rams and some management strategies for their reduction was made. Study emphases were on the evaluation of seminal quality, libido, and the selection of rams to be used in the herd.

Results: Proper ram alimentation reduces the age at puberty, and improves testicular and seminal characteristics, and sexual behavior. The effect of seasonality can be improved by using melatonin implants and adequate nutrition.

Limitations/implications: In goat production systems, rams are important for the production of quality livestock, and the products and by-products from this group of species. Understanding the impact of environmental factors such as nutrition, seasonality, and physiological processes on the reproductive capacity of rams promotes the establishment of management strategies to better understand what is important when selecting rams as sperm donors to improve product quality and to obtain greater herd production.

Findings/conclusions: Adequate ram nutrition improves herd fertility. Seasonal reproduction affects the reproductive capacity of rams as sperm donors, yet there are management alternatives to reduce such seasonal effects on their reproductive performance.