Sustainable Alternative: Forage cactus production system (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill.) for cattle fattening

Abstract

In arid areas such as south-central Chihuahua, Mexico, water scarcity and soil degradation affect agricultural sustainability. The forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) proved to be a viable option under these conditions due to its resilience and low water requirements. This study established a cactus production system in a 500 m² experimental plot, evaluating soil improvement, efficient water use, and economic investment through the planting method. Comparative soil analyses were conducted before and after planting, improved irrigation practices were implemented, and the Baca Urbina methodology was used for the economic analysis. The results show an increase in organic matter from 0.5 to 2.36%, and essential nutrients such as nitrates, phosphorus and potassium improved, while calcium carbonate decreased. Drip irrigation supplied 1.5 liters for 4.5 hours per month with an initial investment of $50,000 MXN. The economic analysis revealed a net present value (NPV) of $42,075.89 MXN, an internal rate of return (IRR) of 39.48%, and a cost-benefit ratio (CBR) of 2.03. The system reduced potential cattle feed costs and improved water efficiency, demonstrating that forage cactus is profitable and sustainable for small producers in arid and semi-arid areas. Seasonal variability and plot size could influence the results, so it is recommended to expand the trials to different scales and climatic conditions.