PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY EVALUATION OF OIL FROM Arachis hypogaea L. CREOLE CULTIVARS

Abstract

In recent years, interest has increased over the use of Creole cultivars of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in genetic improvement programs and various industrial applications; however, before its use, it is necessary to document its agronomic-productive traits and the grain’s quality. The grain yield and physical chemistry characteristics of peanut oil from eight Creole cultivars (Aguacero, Cristóbal Colón, El Triunfo, Frontera Comalapa, Parral, Ocozocoautla and Villaflores) and four improved varieties (Flourunner, Ranferi Díaz, RF-214 and Rio Balsas), grown in Chiapas, México, were evaluated. The traits determined were: percentage of oil, fatty acids profile, indexes of acidity, iodine, saponification, refraction and peroxides, density, and cinematic viscosity. Significant differences were recorded in grain yield (0.96-4 t ha^-1), percentage of oil (44%-59%), oleic fatty acids (36%-49%), linoleic (24%-32%), O/L relation (1.0-1.7), and palmitic acid (8.2%-10.5%). Statistical differences were seen in the oil for acidity indexes (3%-6%), iodine (88.8-98.5 cgI2 K^-1), saponification (95.1- 116.4 mg KOH g^-1), peroxides (0.5-3.3 meqO₂ kg-1), and cinematic viscosity (81.7-84.1 mm² s^-1). The local cultivars Cristóbal Colón, El Triunfo and El Aguacero stood out in the total content of unsaturated fatty acids (77%-80%).