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Abstract
Objective: To compile current knowledge on the characteristics of the chayote seed (Sechium edule), focusing on its recalcitrance, the challenges this poses for its conservation, and strategies for postharvest handling of the fruit.
Methodology: A systematic review of scientific literature related to the recalcitrant seed of Sechium edule was conducted, focusing on research published over the last 20 years on topics such as fruit and seed biology and physiology, conservation and practices in germplasm banks and alternatives for postharvest management of the fruit overcoming the seed early germination.
Results: The review showed that chayote has a recalcitrant seed, characterized by high sensitivity to dehydration and low temperatures, which hinders conventional storage. This particularity represents a major challenge for conservation programs, making the maintenance of living field collections essential for preserving the biodiversity of the genus Sechium. Moreover, this same recalcitrant-seed trait reduces the postharvest life of the fruits; therefore, the implementation of treatments such as wax coatings, 1–MCP application, and cold storage are viable alternatives to extend shelf life.
Implications: Effective conservation of chayote and the maintenance of fruit quality have important implications for food security, seed sovereignty, and biodiversity protection. Given its nutritional, cultural, and economic value, it is a priority to develop and implement sustainable strategies that ensure its long-term availability. Additionally, the study of its recalcitrant seed provides valuable information for other crops with similar characteristics.
Conclusions: The recalcitrant seed is not only a long-term preservation problem, but the main physiological determinant of post-harvest deterioration of the chayote fruit. Despite these limitations, viable alternatives for its conservation exist.