Chayote (Sechium edule var. virens levis) cultivation and environmental factors

Resumen

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the factors that influence chayote production through a biophysical and descriptive characterization.

Design/methodology/approach: The methodology consisted of a biophysical characterization based on the analysis of land use and vegetation mapping, soil type, climate, relief, and altitudinal range. The descriptive analysis focused on cultivation practices, agricultural techniques, adaptation to different biophysical conditions, pests, diseases, and socioeconomic factors that affect production.

Results: The results show that in the municipality of Coscomatepec, chayote occupies 80% of the agricultural land. Currently, the crop is grown under suitable conditions of climate, slope, and altitude; however, it faces challenges related to water availability. Chayote is drought-sensitive and requires irrigation. In some cases, the irrigation method is inadequate, increasing the risk of disease, especially in clay soils. Additionally, the lack of phytosanitary control and technological lag hinder the crop’s competitiveness.

Limitations/implications: It is necessary to deepen the economic analysis of irrigation-related costs by evaluating their impact on crop yield and profitability.

Findings/conclusions: To improve production and address current challenges, it is recommended to implement efficient irrigation systems, construct water catchment infrastructure to reduce costs, enhance drainage in clay soils, and promote preventive phytosanitary control to ensure crop sustainability.